Ethereum’s Layer 2 (L2) ecosystem is rapidly expanding, accelerating the transition to network scalability. GrowThePie, a crypto analysis platform, predicts that the Ethereum mainnet could reach 10,000 transactions per second (TPS) by 2031 due to the rapid expansion of Layer 2 (L2) solutions.
According to GrowThePie, Ethereum mainnet processed an average of 18.6 transactions per second (TPS) last month. The blockchain data site claimed that to reach its long-term scaling goal of 10,000 TPS, the network’s throughput would need to increase approximately 537 times from its current level of 18.6 TPS.
From 2015 to date, ETH has scaled up from approximately 0.71 TPS to 18.6 TPS, a 26.2x increase.
Arbitrum One Growth Accelerates Ethereum L2 Activity
Ethereum’s L2 activity is exploding, and L1 is next.
The mainnet is expected to grow from its current 18.6 TPS to over 10,000 TPS by 2031.
Capacity increased by more than 500x.
This growth is driven by upgrades such as danksharding, data availability sampling, execution… pic.twitter.com/Ty5yEz91Ut
— Leon Waidmann 🔥 (@LeonWaidmann) November 5, 2025
Arbitrum One experienced significant growth from May to November 2025, recording 3.56 million transactions and 242.78,000 active addresses. The network’s stablecoin supply was $7.91 billion, with a total of $16.34 billion secured. Revenue was $363.71 and on-chain profit was $361,000.
Arbitrum overwhelms DeFi in terms of utility and transactions. Source: GrowThePie
Arbitrum One leads the on-chain activity with 28.93% in DeFi applications and 21.22% in utility applications. The network’s presence in decentralized finance and cross-chain connectivity is evident with its 14.88% share of all transactions.
On-chain data reveals that Optimism Mainnet’s Layer 2 metrics show steady growth across key fundamentals from August to November 2025. There were 38.5K active addresses, 2.03M transactions, and an average throughput of 8.3 Mgas/s. The network secured a total of $2.75 billion The stablecoin supply is $653.67 million and the app revenue is $142.48.
The ETH L2 ecosystem continues to gain momentum with the proliferation of ZKSync and the emergence of new scaling patterns. Last week, a tweet from Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin caused ZKsync price to skyrocket.
“ZKsync has done a lot of valuable and underappreciated work in the Ethereum ecosystem, and we’re excited to see this coming from them!”
–Vitalik ButerinCo-founder of Ethereum.
On October 31st, ZKsync co-founder Alex Gluchowski said: said X (Twitter) reports that improvements to ZKsync Atlas will result in near zero cost, over 15,000 TPS, and 1 second ZK finality. He claimed that L2 can now rely on ETH as an institutional capital liquidity center for real-time trading.
Gluchowski explained that Atlas reduces L1 to L2 interoperability latency to less than the finality time of an ETH block. He added that Atlas reduces L2-to-L2 interoperability latency to about 1 second. Gurkowski explained that this reduction means that separate liquidity centers are no longer needed for institutional and RWA flows as participants actually wait for ETH finality.
ETH TPS surges while L2 network reduces transaction costs
GrowThePie claimed that with future advancements, the goal for the ETH ecosystem is to grow approximately three times a year. The platform emphasized that after years of consistent progress, the pace of TPS is expected to become even faster. The platform says this pace will reach 10,000 TPS by the end of the decade, exceeding the current 18.6 TPS.
Ethereum mainnet has a massive goal of 10,000 TPS by 2031. Source: GrowThePie
The Ethereum mainnet has steadily increased capacity and efficiency since its launch, without compromising security or decentralization. The crypto analysis platform highlighted that the Ethereum mainnet has undergone several major renovations, gradually increasing its capacity and efficiency.
Currently, the ETH ecosystem maintains strong on-chain performance with an average of 499.1 transactions per second (TPS). The ETH ecosystem hit an all-time high of 5,513 TPS, with a 24-hour peak of 4,343 TPS.
On the other hand, token transfer fees demonstrate the inefficiency of the mainnet and L2 networks. Typically, Ethereum mainnet transactions cost $0.7023 per transfer, while the L2 network charges just $0.0031.
On-chain economic activity is still changing. Application revenue increased to $41.8 million, of which 15.73% came from L2. L2 accounts for 7.77% of the stablecoin supply, while the supply has increased to $188.6 billion.
