StarkWare researcher Avihu Levy this week published a technical diagram called QSB (quantum secure bitcoin) This enables quantum computer-resistant Bitcoin transactions without changing the protocol, without waiting for network updates, and without requiring consensus among network participants.
This scheme uses code and paper academic. Intended for users and developers looking for. ultimately protect transactions from associated quantum computing advancesand operates entirely within Bitcoin’s existing consensus rules. Script legacy.
The problem QSB is trying to solve goes beyond the usual discussion about wallets and private keys. When someone sends a Bitcoin transaction, Quantum computer equipped with Scholl’s algorithm They can forge authorization signatures, redirect funds to another address, and send altered versions of the original before it is verified.
This is true even if the original spending terms were certain in themselves. For Taproot, the situation is even more nuanced. output Just knowing the private key, from which a quantum computer can derive the private key from the public key, is enough to pay for it.
Solution that works with current rules
QSB is built on top of Robin Linus’ previous scheme, Binohash, but fixes its key quantum vulnerabilities. Bino hash is puzzle (Puzzle) Based on the size of the ECDSA signature as proof of work. that puzzle Could be broken by quantum computers This is because it depends on the properties of elliptic curves, which are completely compromised in Shor’s algorithm.
QSB replaces it puzzle One is based on hash functions. The central idea is that the probability that a 20-byte random string matches the exact structure of a valid ECDSA signature is approximately 1 in 70 billion. Computational work is required to find transactions that meet that conditionHowever, please check within the following range. script The value of Bitcoin is instant. Additionally, hash functions are not vulnerable to Shor’s algorithm, so they remain protected against quantum attackers.
The process of using QSB-protected UTXOs (Unspent Transactions) has three phases. First, users are free to change transaction parameters and puzzle of hash, This fixes the transaction and prevents it from being changed without repeating the entire process.. Then, in two independent rounds, a certain subset of signatures script That hash also satisfies the condition. A subset of that is digest Transactions are encrypted and protected with a hash-based Lamport signature scheme that is quantum-resistant by design.
The computationally intensive parts of this process operate only on public data and can be delegated to untrusted hardware, such as GPUs rented from cloud services. User secrets never leave the device. The estimated cost of a cloud GPU with parallelization capabilities is between $75 and $150. Tests reported in the repository found a working solution after about 6 hours using 8 GPUs.
he paper recognizes some limitations. Transactions generated by QSB are non-standard under the policy. relay For (streaming) Bitcoin Core, you must send it directly to a mining pool that accepts Bitcoin Core, such as Marathon’s Slipstream service. The cost per transaction does not support high-volume usage, and the scheme does not support cases such as Lightning Network channels. The authors themselves describe this as a last resort, useful unless the protocol incorporates a native solution through consensus updates.
The implementation is still under development. Fixed Testing on GPU was successful, but the whole search process digest and send On-chain They are not run end to end.
(Tag Translation)Bitcoin (BTC)
